Kev tsom xam cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv iav
Iav, raws li cov khoom siv pob tshab lossis cov khoom siv pob tshab, muaj ntau yam inorganic minerals thiab auxiliary raw khoom hauv nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab nws thiaj li hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom iav uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, xws li qhov rais, tableware, thiab artworks. Kab lus no yuav tshawb txog qhov tob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom iav thiab lawv txoj haujlwm.
Main raw khoom
Quartz xuab zeb (silica xuab zeb)
Quartz xuab zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim iav. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Quartz xuab zeb muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab melting point thiab zoo tshuaj stability. Nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha iav, feem ntau suav nrog ntau dua 60% txog 70% ntawm tag nrho cov iav raw khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm lub iav melting txheej txheem, silicon dioxide tsim ib tug nruam network qauv ntawm kub kub, muab lub iav zoo hardness thiab tshuaj stability.
Alkali hlau oxides
Alkali hlau oxides xws li sodium carbonate (soda tshauv), potassium carbonate, thiab lwm yam, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm flux hauv iav tsim. Cov oxides no tuaj yeem txo qhov kub ntawm cov iav, ua kom cov iav fluidity, thiab ua kom nws yooj yim los sib tov cov khoom nyoos sib npaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj koom nrog kev tsim cov qauv iav thiab cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm iav.
Aluminosilicates
Aluminosilicates, xws li alumina (Al₂O₃) thiab txhuas silicate (Al₂SiO₅), yog stabilizers hauv iav manufacturing. Lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab lub zog ntawm iav, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm iav, thiab ua rau iav tsis zoo rau kev siv mus ntev.
Limestone
Limestone tsuas yog muab calcium oxide (CaO), uas yog lwm yam khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim iav. Calcium oxide reacts nrog silicon dioxide los tsim calcium silicate (CaSiO₃), uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav. Kev siv cov limestone tsis tsuas yog pab txo qhov kub ntawm cov iav, tab sis kuj kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm iav thiab txhim kho nws lub cev.
Lwm cov khoom siv ntxhia
Ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb saum toj no, kev tsim khoom iav kuj tseem siv cov khoom siv ntxhia xws li borax, boric acid, feldspar, barite, thiab barium carbonate. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv raw no tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm iav kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv.
Cov khoom siv raw
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm iav manufacturing, ib co auxiliary raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv los txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm iav los yog leeb lub melting txheej txheem. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no suav nrog cov clarifiers, colorants, decolorants, opacifiers, oxidants, fluxes, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, clarifiers tuaj yeem tshem tawm npuas thiab impurities hauv iav, txhim kho pob tshab thiab purity ntawm iav; colorants tuaj yeem ua iav tam sim no nplua nuj xim; fluxes tuaj yeem txo qhov kub ntawm cov iav thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom iav feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam xws li batching, melting, molding, annealing, txiav thiab ua. Ua ntej, ntau yam ntaub ntawv raw yog raug batched raws li ib qho kev faib ua feem; tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv raw tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cub melting thiab rhuab mus rau lub xeev molten ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; tom qab ntawd cov iav ua kua yog ua rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem molding xws li casting, tshuab, thiab nias; tom qab ntawd annealing yog ua los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm iav; Thaum kawg, txiav thiab ua ntxiv yog ua kom tau raws li daim ntawv thov.
Cov ntsiab lus
Kev tsim cov khoom iav yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab muag heev uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab kev ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li quartz xuab zeb, alkali hlau oxides, aluminosilicates thiab limestone tsim cov pob txha pob txha thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm iav; thiab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom ntxiv txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo li iav. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, cov khoom iav tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li kev tsim kho, rooj tog zaum, tsheb thauj mus los, hluav taws xob, optics, thiab lwm yam, dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub no.